Maps

You can make a map with plot(x), were x is a SpatRaster or a SpatVector. You can add additional spatial data or text with functions such as points, lines, text

You can zoom in using zoom(x) and clicking on the map twice (to indicate where to zoom to). Or use sel(x) to save a spatial subset to a new object. With click(x) it is possible to interactively query a SpatRaster by clicking once or several times on a map plot.

SpatVector

Example data

library(terra)
## terra 1.8.6
p <- vect(system.file("ex/lux.shp", package="terra"))

If you plot a SpatVector without further arguments, you get black points, lines or polygons, and no legend.

plot(p)

image1

You can add colors like this

n <- nrow(p)
plot(p, col=rainbow(n))

image2

But if you want colors it is probably easiest to use an attribute.

plot(p, "NAME_2", col=rainbow(25))

image3

You can request maps for multiple variables

plot(p, c("NAME_1", "NAME_2"), col=rainbow(25))

image4

Below we also make two maps, but do it “by hand”. We adjust the spacing, and put the legends inside the map area, and use non-rotated text for the vertical axis.

par(mfrow=c(1,2))
m <- c(3.1, 3.1, 2.1, 2.1)
plot(p, "NAME_1", col=rainbow(25), mar=m, plg=list(x="topright"), pax=list(las=1))
plot(p, "NAME_2", col=rainbow(25), mar=m, plg=list(x="topright", cex=.75), pax=list(las=1))

image5

More costumization. Choose the axes to draw, at a label and a box to the legend.

par(mfrow=c(1,2))
m <- c(3.1, 3.1, 1.1, 1.1)
plot(p, "NAME_1", col=rainbow(25), mar=m, plg=list(x="topright", title="District", bty = "o"), main="", axes=FALSE)
axis(1, at=c(5,7)); axis(1)
axis(2, at=c(49,51)); axis(2, las=1)
plot(p, "NAME_2", col=rainbow(25), mar=m, plg=list(x="topright", cex=.75, title="Canton", bty = "o"), main="", axes=FALSE)
axis(1, at=c(5, 7)); axis(1)

image6

We can combine multiple SpatVectors using lines and points to draw on top of what we plotted first.

d <- aggregate(p, "NAME_1")
plot(p, col="light blue", lty=2, border="red", lwd=2)
lines(d, lwd=5)
lines(d, col="white", lwd=1)
text(p, "NAME_2", cex=.8, halo=TRUE)

image7

The rasterVis package provides a lot of very nice plotting options as well.

SpatRaster

Example data

f <- system.file("ex/elev.tif", package="terra")
r <- rast(f)

The default display of a single layer SpatRaster depends on the data type, but there will always be a legend.

plot(r)

image8

After plotting a SpatRaster you can add vector type spatial data (points, lines, polygons). You can do this with functions points, lines, polys or plot(object, add=TRUE).

plot(r)
lines(p, lwd=2)
set.seed(12)
xy <- spatSample(r, 20, "random", na.rm=TRUE, xy=TRUE)
points(xy, pch=20, col="red", cex=2)

image9

Or use a different legend type

m <- c(3.1, 3.1, 1.1, 1.1)
plot(r, type="interval", plg=list(x="topright"), mar=m)

image10

If there are only a few values, the default is to show “classes”

rr <- round(r/100)
plot(rr, plg=list(x="topright"), mar=m)

image11

If the raster is categorical you get the category labels in the legend.

Make a categorical (factor) raster

x <- classify(r, c(140, 300, 400, 550))
levels(x) <- data.frame(id=0:2, elevation=c("low", "intermediate", "high"))
is.factor(x)
## [1] TRUE
x
## class       : SpatRaster
## dimensions  : 90, 95, 1  (nrow, ncol, nlyr)
## resolution  : 0.008333333, 0.008333333  (x, y)
## extent      : 5.741667, 6.533333, 49.44167, 50.19167  (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)
## coord. ref. : lon/lat WGS 84 (EPSG:4326)
## source(s)   : memory
## varname     : elev
## categories  : elevation
## name        : elevation
## min value   :       low
## max value   :      high
plot(x, col=c("green", "blue", "light gray"))

image12

When plot is used with a multi-layer object, all layers are plotted (up to 16), unless the layers desired are indicated with an additional argument.

library(terra)
b <- rast(system.file("ex/logo.tif", package="terra"))
plot(b)

image13

r <- rast(p, res=0.01 )
values(r) <- 1:ncell(r)
r <- mask(r, p)

In this case, it makes sense to combine the three layers into a single image, by assigning individual layers to one of the three color channels (red, green and blue):

plotRGB(b, r=1, g=2, b=3)

image14

You can also use a number of other plotting functions with SpatRasters, including hist, persp, contour}, and density. See the help files for more info.

The rasterVis and tmap packages provides a lot of very nice mapping options as well.

Basemaps

You can get many different base-maps with the maptiles package. Reading the data again.

library(terra)
f <- system.file("ex/lux.shp", package="terra")
p <- vect(f)

library(maptiles)
bg <- get_tiles(ext(p))
plotRGB(bg)
lines(p, col="blue", lwd=3)

image15

Interactive maps

You can use the leaflet package to make interactive maps.

library(leaflet)
m <- plet(p)
m
## Error in path.expand(path): invalid 'path' argument